The United States should drill for oil in the ANWR - Alaskan National Wildlife Reserve :: essays research papers

Proposition The United States should drill for oil in the ANWR. deduction Right now, The United States of America languishes in an economic decline. Jobs atomic number 18 being lost. Drilling in the ANWR allow create hundreds of thousands of jobs. Also, 80% of Alaskas state revenues are oil. With the North Slope oil fields in decline, Alaskans could lose jobs. Drilling in the ANWR will create jobs for Alaskans. As Jennie Wodkowski, who has lived in Alaska for 34 years said, oil colours important. We dont crap anything else going on here.Rationale1.Harms the Environment2.Costs Billions3.Nobody willing to Drill4.Not much anele5.Wont create jobs6.Not worth the timeMy opponents 1st/2nd/3rd contention was the drilling in the ANWR will harm the environment. This is perfectly incorrect. Lets put this into perspective, the ANWR is 19.6 million acres out of Alaska, which is 240 million acres. The proposed drilling in the coastal plain will be 1.5 million acres. Now, with the new technol ogy we have today, we can tap into the 1.5 million acre oil supply with an oil area that is 2000 acres. 2000 acres is 1/10000 or .0001% of the ANWR. 1.5 million acres of oil and a minuscule possibility of harming at max, 1/10000, I repeat 1/10000th if the ANWR. (Arctic Power)Also, drilling in Alaska will not harm the wildlife. Take Prudhoe Bay for example. The exchange Arctic Caribou Herd that occupies Prudhoe Bay has grown from a population of 6000 in 1978 to 27000 today. This is a 450% growth over 26 years at an mean(a) of 17.3% growth per year. (Arctic Power) Thats quite an increase. Furthermore, the ANWR is not a pristine wilderness with magnificent wilderness and beautiful wildlife at every corner. That is a illusion generated by anti drilling supporters. The truth is that in the wintertime, the ANWR is 60 degrees below and 99 degrees below if you count the wind-chill factor. As Senator Ted Stevens of Alaska said It (the ANWR) is hell in the wintertime. This is not near pri stine place that should be protected. Drilling will not harm wildlife or the environment.My opponents 1st/2nd/3rd contention was that drilling in Alaska will cost billions. True, drilling in Alaska will cost billions but the positive impact on the U.S. economy far outweighs the cost. Also, the billions of dollars it will cost to drill in the ANWR will be mostly paid by companies who want to develop into the ANWR, not the U.

adult brain :: essays research papers

The study of emotion was once relegated to the backwaters of neuroscience, a testament to the popular desire that what we feel exists outside our brains, acting only to intrude on normal thought. The science has changed Emotion is now considered integral to our over-all mental health. In mapping our emotions, scientists flummox found that our emotional brain overlays our thinking brain The two exist forever intertwined.      There is a critical interplay betwixt reason and emotion. We ar salutary aware of how brain malfunctions can arrest pain, depression, and emotional paralysis. We must also understand that the brain affects positive emotional responses such as laughter, excitement, happiness, and love. Scientists have been sufficient to pinpoint the section of the brain that causes laughter.     Some clues for the physiological basis of laughter have come from people who suffered brain injuries, strokes or neurological diseases. C.B. , a landscaper in Iowa, is one of them. Three years ago, at the age of 48, C.B. suffered a stroke. Fortunately, he recovered quite well and was expected to return to his normal life. However, since the stroke, C.B. and those some him, have been perplexed by certain changes in his behavior. Though he seems healthy, and doesnt suffer any pain, occasionally, for no noticeable reason, he bursts out into uncontrollable, wild laughter. In other cases, out of the blue, he is swept into tears in a similar attack.     C.B. has joined a long list of clinical cases that are describe in medical literature as pathological laughter and crying (PLC). All of these patients suffer from brain damage that has destroyed or impaired low-toned areas in their brains. Usually, the lesions are no bigger than a few cubic millimeters. However, since the lesions do not always occur exactly in the same spot in the brain, it is hard to determine based on these cases, which brain areas are in charge of laughter. Nevertheless, PLC suggests an interesting linkage the same tiny lesion can cause both laughter and crying. That means that the same brain regions are involved in both laughter and crying. But most surprisingly, these laughter and crying are not associated with mirth or sadness. PLC patients suffer from "mechanical laughter". The pleasant feelings, happiness, amusement or joy that usually accompanies laughter are absent. Patients like C.B. often even suffer anxiety and fear with their laughter.      The case of a French woman who suffered from Parkinsons disease sheds more light on the association between laughter, crying and emotions.

Les Miserables by Victor Hugo Essay -- essays research papers

Les Misrables is an epic tale of hope, empathy, sympathy, redemption and hate set in post-revolutionary France. Written by acclaimed author Victor Hugo, Les Misrables follows the transformation of its two main characters from wretched to honest man and from dedicated reactionary to compassionate fellow man. Written sometime between 1845 and 1862, Hugo provides a detailed look into nineteenth century Frances society and politics. BY combining his story of redemption with the wrongdoings of the French government, Hugo sharply criticized French political policies and hoped his work may encourage change for the future.Hugo describes the setting of Les Misrables with prominent detail. Part of the motives of Hugo were to set a tone of miserable elements for the lead character Valjean, and for anyone who lived under the poverty line in France in the early nineteenth century. poorness was rampant during these times and with the radical science of reactionaries, many people were condemned for life due to a mistake they may have made early in their life. The surroundings and details described are very accurate and play a very large role in the storyline. This description of the elements faced by the poor and underprivileged was an obvious stab at the government and greatly emphasizes the storys plot of redemption. The characters in Les Misrables, while not historically real characters, are very easily believed and would fit perfectly into the time period. Jean Valjean, the protagonist, is an ex-convict who leaves behind a life of theft and deceit for a life as an honest man. He takes on a new persona and makes his fortune honestly and ultimately makes his goal in life redemption. Javert is the storys adversary and is a reactionary who believes in the law and will stop at nothing to enforce the harsh laws of France. With no pity, he believes that humans are any inherently good or bad. He sees Valjeans fortunes as an injustice and chases him relentlessly. Cosette is the adoptive daughter of Valjean, who came to father her through a promise to her mother Fantine, whom Valjean knew lonesome(prenominal) a short time, but fell in love with her quickly. Fantine had fallen in love with a wealthy student who abandoned her and had Cosette out of wedlock. She left Cosette in the car of the Thenadiers and paid for her u... ...imself into the river. Marius is at first disgusted when he finds out about Valjeans past, though when he discovers it was Valjean who saved his life, they reconcile on Valjeans deathbed.Les Misrables depicts the unjust class-based society of nineteenth century France. This system often turned good and honest people into beggars and thieves. Hugo obviously believed the social conditions of the time require to be reformed, particularly in the areas of education, criminal justice and the treatment of women. The character of Fantine conveys all three of these. Undereducated, she works in a factory where she is fired for dark and only then forced into prostitution so she could provide for her daughter. This novel provides a detailed look into the early nineteenth century condition in France. It is considered an historical novel for this reason. The novel shows how new and radical thought processes, especially that in the justice and political realm such as the reactionary movement, came to be and were outgrown by the good of all people. Thos is a great historical novel based on any definition of historical fiction.

Biofuels Essay -- Environment, Fossil Fuels

In recent years environmental problems, especially the use of fossil force outs, has become one of the most ordinarily debated go forths. It is widely known that fossil fuels ar non-renewable resources and the use of fossil fuels harm the environment, such as the combustion process of fossil fuels that leads to global warming. However, current societies are still dependent on fossil fuels. Because of the environmental problems and in order to decrease the wide-ranging consumption of fossil fuels, researches argue that agricultural based fuel or bio-fuel is one alternative to replace fossil fuels and apply it as a new energy source. In general, bio-fuels are fuels that predominantly are produced from bio-renewable or renewable feedstock, such as corn, sugarcane, wheat and so on. There are many kinds of bio-fuels and each country develops different types. For instance, Brazil produces sugarcane based bio-fuels. planetary development of bio-fuels is required however, the effective ness and the sustainability of bio-fuels compared to fossil fuels should be addressed. This essay asserts that the utilization of bio-fuels in the world is not a viable alternative to fossil fuels because it confronts difficulties and results in disadvantages in the future. The arguments to against bio-fuels which impart be assessed are related to social structure, economic development and the cost of production, as well as the arguments concerning agriculture and environment.Firstly, an important issue that should be considered is the use of bio-fuels and the problems posed in the social structure. Because bio-fuels benefit for the environment, bio-fuels production and the fuel market will grow rapidly therefore, the availability of resources is an important factor.... ... and nitrous oxide in the atmosphere, which are associated with the greenhouse gas and three hundred times more effect upon the global warming (Cockerill & Martin, 2008 Murphy, 2009).In conclusion, the developm ent of bio-fuels as a viable alternative to replace fossil fuels is still not promising. Although bio-fuels are made from renewable resources, bio-fuels are not effective enough due to the disadvantages that will arise, such as the shrinkage of food, the production expenses and the environmental drawbacks. On account of the difficulties and the disadvantages that result from the wide-ranging use of bio-fuels, management and policies of bio-fuels are needed as solutions to carry a well-managed agricultural supply so that it has a sustainable production likewise, large scale bio-fuels production should be adjourned until adequate solutions are discovered.

Why I Have Chosen the Teaching Profession Essay -- essays papers

Why I Have Chosen the Teaching Profession When I think of becoming a teacher I would like to opine or hope that I would be turning the key for a student of mine to become something great. I have been soul searching for some years now to have a better understanding of what I am suppose to do in my life. I have worked in so many jobs in so many areas but nothing was fulfilling my life with any amount of meaning. I found myself not wanting to go substantiate the next day or wishing I were somewhere else. Well I guess everyone does that is what I would tell myself. Until a couple years ago when I was working and living in Las Vegas. It was there that I finally realized what I had been searching for in my life. I was spending a grass of time with a co-worker who had children in the nurture system. I vividly remember hearing her children say the teachers dont care. This was shameful for a child who was in the fourth grade to be saying to me. I guess because I had a great experience in school with wonderful caring teachers. My memories of school are a little blurred with age but I do remember looking up to them as role models. Especially, my eighth grade English teacher who was the first person who ever told me that I was a beautiful writer. She encouraged me to continue to learn as much as I could about becoming a good writer. I quiet down see her from time to time and she asks if I am still writing. I always say yes, but the last time I saw her, I got the chance to te...

Faith Ringold :: essays research papers

Who was FaithRingold ? Born in New York , Faith Ringold was anAfrican American creative person who st inventioned school in second grade .While she was at home , her mother taught her the basicskills . She knew how to read before she went to school .In her early childhood she use to be pale every so often ,she could not attend school regularly however, her motheruse to bring her drawing books and pencils . Therefore ,she spent most of her season drawing . So, as she grew olderand began to go to school , one day her teacher asked herto draw a mountain. Because she was born and raised inNew York, she had never seen a mountain beforetherefore, she could not draw the mountain properly . Theprofessor told her " you cannot be an cunningist, " and she saidto the professor " yes I could and I will be artist . " She hadgreat internal locus of control and self-confidence . Shebelieved she could do it and she did it . Her mother was afashion designer . She was very close t o her mother, andher father was a great role model for her . He also use todraw , in other words he inspired faith to become an artist .Faith Ringold was a bright artist . She benefited ascholarship in college . While in college she had theopportunity to ship her works at an inexpensive equipment casualty to selloutside the country. 1960 she learned what African art wasas a black artist . She also learned to mix her Europeantraining with the African art . She learned about Africandesigns , and African American art . Faith Ringold wroteher stories and painted them on her works . She paintedthe tradition of African art and design she drew her family severy day life . Faith Ringold was an artist who justify herculture and her existence with the black art . She expressedwho she was through her art .

Faith Ringold :: essays research papers

Who was FaithRingold ? Born in New York , Faith Ringold was anAfrican American artist who started school in 2nd grade . trance she was at home , her mother taught her the basicskills . She knew how to read before she went to school .In her early childhood she use to be sick every so often ,she could not attend school regularly however, her motheruse to bring her drawing books and pencils . Therefore ,she spent most of her time drawing . So, as she grew olderand began to go to school , one day her teacher asked herto draw a mountain. Because she was born and raised inNew York, she had never seen a mountain beforetherefore, she could not draw the mountain properly . Theprofessor told her " you cannot be an artist, " and she saidto the professor " yes I could and I will be artist . " She had outstanding internal locus of control and self-confidence . Shebelieved she could do it and she did it . Her mother was afashion designer . She was very close to her mother, andhe r father was a great business office model for her . He also use todraw , in other words he inspired faith to become an artist .Faith Ringold was a bright artist . She benefited ascholarship in college . While in college she had theopportunity to ship her works at an inexpensive price to sell orthogonal the country. 1960 she in condition(p) what African art wasas a black artist . She also learned to mix her Europeantraining with the African art . She learned about Africandesigns , and African American art . Faith Ringold wroteher stories and painted them on her works . She paintedthe tradition of African art and design she pull her family severy day life . Faith Ringold was an artist who justify herculture and her existence with the black art . She expressedwho she was through her art .

Their Eyes Were Watching God Annotated

The MLA database returned 168 bibliographic entries containing the subject heading Their look Were watching matinee idol. In choosing which entries to include in this annotated bibliography, my objective was to represent as many instructive approaches to the school text as possible in order to illustrate the exp whizzntial expansion in the scope of Hurston studies in recent years.Also, because of the condensed time frame of this class, I only reviewed items that are available to UAH students on campus or online, although this criterion excluded several signifi raiset vituperative responses to the reinvigorated. Unless former(a)wise noted, the full texts of all of the articles listed here good deal be retrieved via EBSCOhost. Ashe, Bertram D. Why Dont He Like My Hair? Constructing African-American Standards of Beauty in Toni Morrisons Song of Solomon And Zora Neale Hurstons Their eyeball Were Watching God. African American Review 29. (Winter 1995) 579-93. Because of the st rong social pressure to conform to predefined notions of conventional ( translate European) beauty that the dominant culture exerts on all American women, B wish women perk up historically been judged as attractive or unattractive according to the degree to which their facial features, hair, and skin color conform to European norms. In Their look, although Hurston describes Janie as having light skin and long hair, Janie does not withdraw herself from dark-skinned African Americans.Janies hair is linked to her self-esteem and her engagement in the community, and as such, it becomes the battleground of her struggles with Joe Starks. Janies choice of hairstyle after Starks death (one thick braid swinging well below her waist) can be understand as a phallic image that metaphorically refers to her new power and self-determination. Brogan, Jacqueline Vaught. The Hurston/ perambulator/Vaughn Connection Feminist Strategies in American Fiction. Womens Studies 28. 2 (1999) 185-201.In positing an interpretive framework for Elizabeth Vaughns 1990 novel, Many Things Have Happened Since He Died, Brogan discusses the family relationship between Walkers The Color Purple and Hurstons Their Eyes. She notes that both novels have been criticized for failing as realistic fiction, both can be interpreted as romances in the vein of Shakespeares The Tempest and The Winters Tale, and both deal thematically with the awakening of an abused female. Curren, Erik D. Should Their Eyes Have Been Watching God? Hurstons Use of Religious Experience and Gothic Horror. African American Review 29. (Spring 1995) 17-26. Critics have not sufficiently accounted for the complexity of Their Eyes, and many analyses have followed Alice Walkers contention that Janie is a depiction of racial health. A less biased reading of the text reveals much tragedy and horror that few overcritical interpretations have addressed. The novels title refers to the incipient slave mentality of African Americans, demonstrated by the field hands reversion to enslaved patterns of behavior in the face of the hurricane. Paralleling the figurative system of Hurstons Mules and Men, God is likened to a slavemaster in the Their Eyes.Hurston subverts gothic conventions in the service of affirming the importance of folklore. Davis, Rose Parkman. Zora Neale Hurston An Annotated Bibliography and Reference Guide. Westport, CT Greenwood P, 1997. This pile presents an excellently balanced and exhaustive compilation of Hurston scholarship through 1996. (Available in UAH Library Reference section no circulation) Donlon, Jocelyn Hazelwood. Porches Stories Power Spatial and Racial Intersections in Faulkner and Hurston. Journal of American Culture 19. 4 (Winter 1996) 95-111.The porch serves as the point of intersection for spatial, social, and racial in southern culture and literature, as exemplified by Hurtsons Their Eyes and Faulkners Absalom Absalom. In Their Eyes, porches are fitd with the formation of a community voice. Janies involuntary exile from the front porch of Starks store reflects her alienation from the community and her ensuing loneliness. Starks porches to a fault function as a stage on which Janie is displayed. Janies tone experiences ultimately transform porches from dominating places to authentic community spaces. duCille, Ann. Stoning the Romance Passion, Patriarchy, and the new(a) Marriage Plot. The Coupling Convention Sex, Text and Tradition in Black Womens Fiction. New York Oxford UP, 1993. 110-142. This chapter discusses the treatment of marriage in Their Eyes and several other modernist texts by African American women writers. Although many interpretations of the novel agree that Their Eyes is largely focused on the issues of love, sex, and marriage, no critical consensus has been achieved as to Hurstons feelings on these topics.Janies epiphanic orgasm under the pear tree is likened to the biblical creation story, with Janies act of kissing shiftless Joh nny Taylor equated with original sin. Feminist readings of the text that view Their Eyes as a womans quest for and achievement of selfhood are problematic because both Janie and the narrator manifest their continued supremacy by patriarchal ideology and romantic mythology throughout the account. (Available in UAH library) Hattenhauer, Darryl. Hurstons Their Eyes Were Watching God. Explicator 50. 2 (Winter 1992) 111-3.Recent criticism of Their Eyes fails to consider the notion that Janie may be dying of rabies at the end of the novel, which is bolstered by the foreshadowing of her death that occurs throughout the text. Tea taproom bites Janie before he dies, and she seems not to have want the treatment that eluded Tea Cake. Further, Janies shooting of Tea Cake cannot rightfully be termed self-defense in the legal term, since she could have escaped Tea Cake by running away. The imperfect, sinlessness-dominated judicial system is partially culpable for failing to recognize this. Haurykiewicz, Julie A. From Mules to Muliebrity Speech and Silence in Their Eyes Were Watching God. southern Literary Journal 29. 2 (Spring 1997) 45-61. Hurston employs the recurrent mule theme in Their Eyes as a means of commenting on the disparity between idiom and silence in the life of Janie and her emotional development. The process that occurs in the text is not that of moving from dependence to autonomy, as so many critics have asserted, still rather, a metamorphosis from mule to muliebrity (the state or condition of being a woman or possessing full womanly powers).Significant traits of mules that figure symbolically in Their Eyes are mules mixed parentage and resultant reproductive sterility, mules historical role as beasts of burden, and the stubbornness and unpredictability that often characterize mules disposition. Hurston depicts mules as subversive trickster figures in Mules and Men, and this association can be extended into Their Eyes. The lack of mule imagery in t he second half of the book is coincidental with Janies burgeoning ability to express herself in the community. Hubbard, Dolan. . . . Ah Said Ahd Save De Text for You Recontextualizing the Sermon to Tell (Her)story in Zora Neale Hurstons Their Eyes Were Watching God. African American Review 27. 2 (Summer 1993) 167-79. Janie uses techniques of religion-based oral expression to tell her story and valorize extant black culture, a position that was rare among other African American writers in the 1930s. Nannys statement to Janie about her own unfulfilled desire to preach is the impetus behind Janies narrative. Pheoby undergoes a religious transformation in he end of the narrative, and she can be interpreted as Janies disciple. Johnson, Maria. The World in a Jug and the Stopper in Her Hand Their Eyes as Blues Performance. African American Review 32. 3 (Fall 1998) 401-15. The aesthetic principles of blues shape Janies transformation in Their Eyes. Both thematically and structurally, the novel is similar to the songs that African American women like Bessie Smith popularized in the 1920s and 1930s. Blues songs of this era often used bee imagery to connote sexual parsimony and mule imagery to oppression.All of Janies love relationships function merely as the vehicle through which she attains selfhood the men themselves are dispensable. Even Tea Cake can be seen as simply a stanza in the blues song which Janie sings to Pheoby. King, Sigrid. Naming and Power in Zora Neale Hurstons Their Eyes Were Watching God. Black American Literature Forum 24. 4 (Winter 1990) 683-97. The relationship between naming and power in African American culture and literature is clearly expressed in Their Eyes. Throughout Janies life, her voice and development of selfhood have been circumscribed by the names that others have imposed upon her.In the text, naming by others can usually be interpreted as exertion of power and domination. Janies transition to autonomy is paralleled by her willi ngness to rename herself and things around her. Unlike the limiting and destructive naming that characterized her preliminary relationships, the positive nature of her union with Tea Cake is expressed by their playful and positive use of language together. After Tea Cakes death, Janie devoidly renames people and things in her environment, suggesting her granting immunity from the power-based system of naming that had silenced her.Kodat, Catherine Gunther. Biting the Hand that Writes You Southern African-American Folk Narrative and the Place of Women in Their Eyes Were Watching God. Haunted Bodies Gender and Southern Texts. Eds. Anne Goodwyn Jones and Susan V. Donaldson. Charlottesville UP of Virginia, 1997. 319-42. The fact that Janie kills Tea Cake in Their Eyes has not received enough critical attention. Tea Cakes bite can be interpreted as a manifestation of the tension between the quest for proto-feminist autonomy and the Southern black folk tradition Hurston uses as her mod e of exposition in the text.The feminist political agenda has led to widespread resistance to the textual lack of support for characterizing Tea Cakes and Janies union as ideal. Although Janie does gain an authentic voice at the end of the narrative, the inference that she had to trade her life for it problematizes the received interpretive matrix that figures the text as a successful quest for self. (Available in UAH Library) Lowe, John. Laughin Up a World Their Eyes Were Watching God and the (Wo)Man of Words. Jump at the SunZora Neale Hurstons Cosmic Comedy.Chicago U of Illinois P, 1994. 156-204. Janie is associated with Janus throughhout Their Eyes, both by being described as figuratively two-headed, looking backward and earlier simultaneously, and being symbolically linked to liminal realms such as doors and thresholds. Through folk-based humor, Janie magically transforms this communal energy into something constructive and unitingher story. As in many ethnical literatures, h umor plays the role of expanding language when ordinary methods of discourse are not sufficient to express the complexities of a situation. Available in UAH library) McGowan, Todd. Liberation and Domination Their Eyes Were Watching God and the Evolution of Capitalism. MELUS 24. 1 (Spring 1999) 109-29. One element that accounts for the recent critical success of Their Eyes, which was met with mixed reviews by its contemporary critics, is the nascent poststructuralism of the text, most powerfully evidenced in the emphasis on play and the decentering of binary systems of thought and language that parallel Janies transition to autonomous selfhood.However, recent poststructuralist readings of the novel have not taken into account the full import of Janies less-than-ideal relationship with Tea Cake, as well as his death at her hands. These elements of the novel equate liberation with submission, which can be likened to the type of heightened subjectivity that is a hallmark of capitalist society. Ultimately, Janie attains and then quashes her momentary realization that in order to achieve freedom one must destroy that which refuses loss. Racine, Maria J. Voice and Interiority in Zora Neale Hurstons Their Eyes Were Watching God. African American Review 28. 2 (Summer 1994) 283-93. Hurstons use of free indirect discourse allows her to render fully the internal thought processes of those characters who have not yet achieved an external speaking voice, most notably, Janie. In a narrative that is focused thematically on the achievement of selfhood as emblematized by voice, this is a necessary narrative strategy. Rather than undermining Janies incipient voice, as Stepto and others have magnificently ontended, Janies strategic silence at her trial is a manifestation of the fusion of the voices of Janie and the narrator, heretofore distinct. Janie has assimilated the wisdom and insight of the narrators voice and she can now access it as she chooses. Sheppard, David M. Livi ng by Comparisons Janie and her Discontents. English Language Notes 30. 2 (December 1992) 63-76. A psychoanalytic reading of Their Eyes reveals the God of the books title to be a manifestation of a classic Freudian father figure.Hurstons education during the years in which Freudianpsychoanalytic theory first became astray disseminated in the academy virtually assures her exposure to its tenets. Killicks, Starks, and Tea Cake are all manifestations of the controlling father figure conflated in the text with God. By opposition, Janie is forced into a suspended childhood that precludes her emotional development. Trombold, John. The Minstrel Show Goes to the Great War Zora Neale Hurstons Mass Cultural Other. MELUS 24. 1 (Spring 1999) 85-108.Their Eyes can be read as emphasizing the importance of folk culture and oral tradition to the sustainment of Black culture, almost to the exclusion of all other factors. In posterior writings, she modifies this view to recenter Black oral tradi tion as the cultural heritage of the nation as a whole, as evidenced by her inclusion of white characters in her last published novel. Walker, Alice. Looking for Zora. In Search of Our Mothers Gardens Womanist Prose. New York Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1983. 93-116.

Reflection on Taking Blood Pressure

A REFLECTIVE ACCOUNT OF A LEARNT SIMULATED SKILL BLOOD PRESSURE. The aim of this essay is to reflect and argue my knowledge acquired in a assumed learning skill experience which forms part of my training as a school-age child nurse in accordance with the Nurses and Midwifery Council (NMC 2010). (Marieb and Hoehn, 2010, p 703) delimit Blood wedge (BP) as the force per unit area exerted on a vessel wall by the contained blood, and is expressed in millimetres of mercury (mm Hg). BP is let off one of the essential and widely used assessment tools in healthcare settings.Nurses generally record the arterial BP which is the forced exerted blood that flows through the arteries, to establish a baseline and to determine any risk factors. BP composes of two beats, the systolic and diastolic pressure. The systolic pressure is when the ventricle contracts and the blood is at the peak normally an come adult is around 120mmHg (Marieb & Hoehn 2010). The diastolic pressure is lower within the arteries and always present when the ventricles are at rest and the aortic valve is close.This essay will discuss the measuring and recording of BP of a colleague in a skills laboratory. During the skills practice, a colleagues BP was measured in the skills laboratory. There are two methods for recording BP direct and substantiating with this session it was the indirect technique. The manual auscultatory method measured in the arm on the brachial artery (Richards, and Edwards, 2008). I introduced myself as a student nurse and then excuseed the effect involved systematically to relieve any anxieties. The patient directs to understand the process in order to consent (NMC 2010).Ensuring a relaxed and calm milieu is essential, emotional and temperature variation and can mend the readings. Hand washing is essential to reduce and prevent the spread of infections especially cross-infection ((Dougherty and Lister 2011). I washed and dried my hands appropriately, after which the equipm ents were assessed. The equipments used were aneroid sphygmomanometer which had been calibrated and working, a range of calamitys to ensure the right size for the hand, a stethoscope, detergent wipes, a pillow for the hand, a pen and my ote book for documentation. A sphygmomanometer composes of a compression bag, an inflating bulb that is pumped to increase pressure, a manometer to read the pressure applied and is crestfallen by a control valve. This colleague was sitting, BP may be taken when patients are sitting or lying down non when moving or talking to ensure accurate readings (Jamieson, Whyte and McCall 2007). Primarily BP may be measured in both arms. There may be variations in results for some state especially the elderly it is recommended that the arm with the highest readings is utilized.Patients arms should be free of clothing, positioned at heart level and maintained to ensure accurate reading (British means fraternity 2006). Seated in a comfortable position, palpa ted the radial and brachial pulse, and then applied the correct size of the sphygmomanometer on the arm. According to the (British Heart Society 2006) 40% of the width and 80% of the arm circumference may be the length of the cuff bladder. Large or small cuffs may result in inaccurate readings. Next palpated the radial pulse then wrapped the cuff round the arm, inflated till the pulse was obliterated.Placed the bladder on the artery and high to the elbow, allowing the cuffs inferior edge 2 to 3cm over the brachial artery. This will enhance accurate reading allowing easy palpitation of the artery. The patient should be still and simmer down through the map. Again the brachial artery was palpated, the stethoscope placed firmly on the bare skin on the palpable pulse of the brachial artery as the bulb was used to inflate the cuff immediately for an additional 20 to 30mmHg above the earlier reading (Bickley and Szilagyi 2009). This annuls too much distress as the cuff is inflated not more than20 to 30mmhg over the assumed systolic level.The cuff is deflated at a rate of 2 to 3 mmHg per second, on tryout the first pulse, the Korotkoff sound that is the systolic BP which should be recorded from the gauge. The Korotkoff sound is constantly monitored as the cuff continues to be deflated slowly until the pulse sounds hit disappeared. accordingly the fifth Korotkoff sound was recorded as the diastolic BP after another 10 to 20 mmHg the cuff may be completely deflated to avoid limb compression. After the procedure is complete the patient should be informed and left comfortable the results must be explained and documented.The colleagues BP recorded were 125/80mmHg which was normal. NHS Choices (2012) classifies an ideal BP ranges from 90/60mm/Hg and 140/90mmHg. Around 30% of people who live in England have high blood pressure. A BP reading higher than 140/90mmHg is called hypertension and one lower than 90/60mmHg is called Hypotension. BP reading may vary depending on age, obesity, medications and exercise like running, jogging and jumping. White Coat Syndrome can also affect BP results (Williams, Poulter and Brown 2004). BP was performed on the brachial artery, with some patients it may be inappropriate, alternative sites may have to be considered.BP may be measured in the thigh, underneath the cuff with the stethoscope positioned above the posterior popliteal artery for patients prone with middle bladder (Dougherty and Lister 2011). Due to the environment there was one aspect not done properly, which was ensuring privacy, in future practice procedures must be explained and performed in a quiet environment in a hospital the curtains must close (NMC 2010). This will provide more accurate results and also alleviate any anxiety the patients may have before or after the procedure.Some results may need further treatments and advice, which should be discussed privately. The second aspect of the simulated learning skill which needs further developm ent is accuracy in measuring and reading of BP results. During the simulated skills due to the noise within the room it was difficult to hear the first Korotkoff sound. Accurate reading determine prognosis for commencing, assessing and terminating patients treatments. According to (NMC 2010) as a student nurse I need to perform this skill efficiently, consistently, with an accurate recording.BP measurement is vital, considering consistency of all nurses and equipments to minimise errors that may contribute to discrepancies in results which can affect clinical treatment decisions. It is recommended that all equipments should be maintained and calibrated regularly in accordance with (NICE 2011) guidelines. The environment should be suitable for BP measurement if the room temperature is cold it may result in vasoconstriction leading to a high BP and an inaccurate reading. Maintaining adequate space, the patient should be comfortable throughout the procedure to avoid any stress which ca n affect he results. The room should be quiet, so that the Korotkoff sounds can be heard at the appropriate succession all equipment and measurement area reflecting correct body posture and the aneroid sphygmomanometer not obstructed for accessible accurate readings. Ensuring accurate BP results will assist nurses when winning the next reading to recognize how the baseline was determined and assist with the patients treatment. shame is the key of nursing is empathizing, treating people how you would like to be handle and is expressed from within the act of caring (Chambers R. and Ryder E. 009). Approaching a patient with the right posture is essential body language should reflect empathy and warmth. By salutation the person with a smile and sitting with the right posture and at the right level will make the patient feel welcome. Throughout the procedure I maintained the right distance ensuring my colleague was comfortable and not distracted by my posture. It is important to use the right tone of voice to explain the procedure to the patient, which may help to calm anxieties. Applying this approach may make the patient feel relaxed and willing to open up.Some patients may be worried about(predicate) the results explaining it to them with the right posture and voice may make reduce their fears . maintained a reasonable eye contact Anxiety can increase BP in order to ensure accurate results patients may be reassured and calmed . A breathing technique may help alleviate fears and worries of patients. Ensuring a relaxed and quiet environment is a vital tool for assessments. According to (McCabe and Timmins 2006) Nurses need to interact and relate to patients feelings positively so as not to cause them more pain. Establishing a relationship, to key and share in their pain and stress.Understanding the patient, will enable them connect and relate more and freely with nurses to efficiently deal with their illness. In conclusion this essay has taught me the imme nsity of BP in assessing a patient. It has also enabled me to gain knowledge of how accuracy of the BP results is vital for clinical intervention. Also how privacy will help to assist the patient when delivering care. Applying gentleness and understanding may help me to explain the benefits of BP and the complications of not adhering to treatment to the patient. I need to develop my two aspects accurate reading and maintaining privacy for future practice.I have learnt to perform BP more confidently and also in future if any abnormalities are discovered it is important to inform my mentor. This reflective essay has helped me to explore and localise my short falls. Developing the According to the (NMC Code 2010) accurate reading and recording of skills must be adhered to at all times. This essay has taught me the important of Blood Pressure in caring for a patient. References Bickley, L. S. , and Szilagyi, P. G. (2009) Bates Guide to Physical Examination and History taking, 10th edn . London Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. Blood Pressure Asso Available at http//www. bpassoc. rg. uk/Supportingyou/NICE2011/Patients80 (Accessed 28 April 2012) Chambers, C. and Ryder E, (2009) Compassion and caring in nursing. U. K. Radcliffe Publishing Ltd. Dougherty, L. and Lister, S. The Royal Marsden Hospital Manual of Clinical Nursing Procedures eighth edn. U. K. Blackwell Publishing. Jameison,E. M. Whyte, L. A. and McCall, J. M. (2007) Clinical Nursing Practices 5th edn. Philadelphia Elsevier Ltd. Marieb, E. M. and Hoehn, K. (2010) Human Anatomy and Physiology. 8th edn. San Francisco U. S Pearson Benjamin Cummings. NHS Choices Helping you prevent heart disease, stroke, diabetes and kidney disease Available at ttp//www. nhs. uk/Planners/NHSHealthCheck/Pages/Healthybloodpressure. aspx (Accessed 28 April 2012) Nursing and Midwifery Council (2010) the Code. Standards of conduct, performance and ethics for nurses and midwives. London NMC. Richards, A. and Edwards, S. (2008) A Nurs es Survival Guide to the ward 2nd edn. Philadelphia Elsevier Ltd. Smith, J. and Roberts R, (2011) Vital Signs for Nurses, U. K. Blackwell Publishing Ltd Williams, B. , Poulter, N. R. and Brown, J. R. (2004) Guidelines for management of Hypertension report of fourth working party of the British hypertension Society, 2004-BHSIV. daybook of Human Hypertension.

Healing with technology Essay

Spinal Dynamics will aim to capture at least 10% of total spinal implants market by fourth year of mental process. Spinal Dynamics plans to become undersideadas largest spinal orthopedic implant c every(prenominal)er by 2011. The Company plans to heed vigorously and at an accelerated rate the development, production and marketing of artificial disc implant . The goal would be apart from being superior to otherwise products it should be affordable for the masses in Canada thus contributing to human welfare by application of technology in the field of bio medical checkup sciences.The company Spinal Dynamics is being formed for the purpose of engaging in development, production and marketing of artificial disc implants, in Canada with early and profitable military operation as the prime goal. B. DESCRIPTION OF THE INDUSTRY The boom is gradually shifting from the sectors of finance and information technology towards the biomedical sector specifically the medical imposture industr y. The major reason being increased medical treatment costs, and an urge towards better quality of life. Hip and knee replacements gravel become very coarse in spite of the high surgical costs involved.On the same lines spinal surgeries are becoming more prevalent especially because of high economic costs being incurred due to low back pain ailments. According to the statistics, patients suffering from back pain consume more that $90 billion yearly in health-care expenses, with approximately $26 billion of that amount directly attributable to treating the back pain. Due to this reason a number of spinal implant companies have mushroomed throughout the U. S and Europe. The main problem in this industry is long development periods and high attempts . The long drawn approval process especially in U.S due to FDA regulations is one of the reasons a lot of silver is being invented in research , development and testing of the product. However medical law suites index become a big li ability for the product if the device fails even once. C. CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS Competencies & Capabilities 1) Legal and regulatory factors The medical device industry is assort as class 3 , high risk implant so its obvious that a lot of investment goes into testing and experiments with sufficient evidences to prove its base hit in-vivo. There are instances when a device fails and a single lawsuit causes the entire company to close down.Thus its advisable to invest time and money , to begin with taking the implant out to the market 2) Investment of Time & Money As approval process is a long drawn procedure, it is requirement to have healthy trained quality managers and regulatory system advisors as employees. Sometimes services of external consultants or Regulatory advising companies might be used. 3) In-house surgeons/medical practitioners As these devices cater to specific ailments and are highly specialized, it is important that we have in-house surgeons to understand the requirements of a product before we begin to design it.Infact the engineers and the surgeons should work happen in hand to come up with a better product. The crucial factors which determines success in biomedical industry 1) Availability of constant flow of pecuniary resource For a new product to be in market, it might take 3-4 yrs, so during this period there should be a constant supply of cash to pay the employees and keep the company running. 2) Excellent marketing strategies Its important that these products are marketed through right channels, thus its highly imperative that the products are showcased at versatile trade shows/conferences3) Understanding the regulatory process The main aim would be to bring the product soon to the market, by making a full-proof plan before the submission process for approval, as this phase is the lengthiest of all the processes. D. PEST ANALYSIS Scope of Growth The medical device industry out here thrives on reverse engineering concept the result is a number of ME TOO products. Infact companies end up investing on buying patents from European and American companies and do non believe in investing money for research and development of such products.There is huge market to be tapped as there is a lot of demand for these products most of which is imported from the Europe and the U. S. This area being the fastest growing market, the projected growth is expected to touch up to $16 billion in 2015 revenues. Source Millennium Research Group. Spine Care Segments 2015 There is expected to be an increase in surgical treatment options, wish well facet replacement and dynamic stabilisation procedures, which will worryly be more acceptable to patients, perhaps doubling the % of patients accepting surgery from 3.6% to 7% of a much larger, elderly population. As clinical results improve, this market is expected to continue to grow 20% per year and offer a tremendous opportunity to companies with modern product lines. In 2015, industry experts project lumbar fusions will not grow, but stay at the same 2006 level of 400,000 procedures dynamic stabilization devices will grow from 25,000 to 250,000 cases and artificial lumbar and cervical discs grow from 25,000 to 600,000 cases, as these new procedures begin to replace spinal fusion. PART 2A worry OWNERSHIP Sole proprietorship is a one-person business is registered with the state like a circumscribed liability company (LLC) or tummy. Legally, a restore proprietorship is inseparable from its owner the business and the owner are one and the same. This means the owner of the business reports business income and losses on his or her personal value return and is personally liable for any business-related obligations, such as debts or court judgments. This accounts 74% of all regular army businesses and for 6% of all gross sales in USA.Advantages (1) decisions are made by barely the owner (2) simple process to start just get a business license (3) cyber space belong to the owner (4) pride of ownership (5) lower taxes. Disadvantages (1) unlimited liability (2) limited life of business (3) difficult to raise capital for business (4) risk of lost is not shared Partnership a partnership is simply a business owned by two or more mass Just like in a sole proprietorship, the partnerships owners pay taxes on their shares of the business income on their personal tax returns and they are severally personally liable for the entire amount of any business debts and claims.8% of all USA businesses are partnerships and accounts for 4% of all sales in USA Advantages (1) easy to start (2) not many regulations (3) not as difficult to raise capital for business (4) combination of knowledge and skills. Disadvantages (1) unlimited liability (2) bread are shared (3) limited life of the business (4) disagreements In mickle Though forming a corporation is a bit more complicated and costly, but it is well worth the trouble for some small businesses.The main benefit of an LLC or a corporation is that these structures limit the owners personal liability for business debts and court judgments against the business. What sets the corporation apart from all other types of businesses is that a corporation is an independent legal and tax entity, separate from the people who own, control and manage it. Because of this separate status, the owners of a corporation dont use their personal tax returns to pay tax on corporate profits the corporation itself pays these taxes. Owners pay personal income tax only on money they draw from the corporation in the form of salaries, bonuses, and the like.Corporations make sense for business owners who either (1) run a risk of being sued by customers or of piling up a lot of business debts, or (2) have substantial personal assets they want to protect from business creditors. 18% of all USA businesses are corporations and accounts for 90% of all sales in USA. Advantages (1) easy to raise capital (2) limit ed liability (3) unlimited life of business (4) Can hire specialized skills and knowledge (5) shared risks. Disadvantages (1) difficult to start (2) less direct control (3) double tax corporate tax and individual tax (4) limited activity.Franchising Franchises are in which individual businessmen or people buy a well established business, but a certain piece goes back to the corporation. Franchises must adhere to the corporate regulations. (McDonalds, Krispy Cream, Starbucks). Acquisition/Mergers In this two companies merge together(merger) or a big company acquires a small innovative company giving rise to an acquisition. The outgo option to go with would be setting up a corporation or a LLC rather to start. The limited liability company or LLC is a relatively new form of doing business which is now recognized in most states.The LLC has grown in popularity because it combines the best features of a corporation and a partnership. Like a corporation, the owners (called members) of the LLC are not personally responsible for the debts of the LLC. Like a partnership, there is no dual taxation and the earnings of the business are taxed directly to the members. The LLC is also preferable in many ways to the S corporation, which also avoids personal liability and dual taxation. The LLC is not subject to most of the limitations which are imposed on corporations by applicable law.For example, while an corporation is not allowed to have more than one type or class of stock ownership and is not allowed to have more than 75 shareholders, the LLC is not subject to such limitations. Overall, the LLC simply allows more flexibility in the structure, operation and management of the business than does the S corporation. LLCs are similar to corporations because they also provide limited personal liability for business debts and claims. But when it comes to taxes, LLCs are more like partnerships the owners of an LLC pay taxes on their shares of the business income on their pers onal tax returns.

Blades Inc. Case Study Essay

1. What be the advantages trade names could gain from importing from and/or exporting to a foreign solid ground such as Siameseland?Ans The advantages Blades could gain from importing from and/or exporting to Thailand could be Decrease their cost of goods sold, and increase Blades net income since rubber and plastic are cheaper when imported from a foreign country such as Thailand. Due to its superior production care for Thai firms could not duplicate the high-quality production process , so establishing a subsidiary in Thailand would preserve blade sales before Thai competitors. Allow Blades to explore the option of exporting to Thailand by build relationships with some local suppliers. As far as exporting is concerned, Blades could become the first firm to seller roller Blades in Thailand. Diversify their investment by opening option to export to other countries beyond Thailand to ensure company sustainability.2. What are some of the disadvantages Blades could face as a resul t of foreign transaction in the scant(p) run? In the long run?Ans The disadvantages Blades could face as a result of foreign trade in the short run are Exchange rate find. Blades would be exposed to currency fluctuation in the Thai baht if importation cost increase without Thai suppliers adjusting their price. International economic condition if Thailands economy undergoes recession, Blades would suffer from sales decrease in Thailand. In the long run, Blades should be aware of the political risk involved in operating in Thailand, such as any regulatory changes or tax increase may impact on Blades subsidiary.